Arthrosis - what are these causes, signs, symptoms, degree of arthrosis of the joints and treatment

Joint arthrosis is a complex dystrophic disease associated with the destruction of cartilage tissues inside the joints.This abnormal process is the most common joint disease in the world.Arthrosis is manifested by pain, morning severity and limitation of mobility.The gradual progression of symptoms is characteristic, however, the rate of disease development may vary.

The diagnosis is made on the basis of anamas, clinical examination and radiography results.Arthrosis treatment is usually conservative in nature: exercise therapy, anti -anti -remedies, physiosis, blockade, etc.

We will discuss in more detail what this disease is and how to treat it, we will discuss in the article further.

What is arthrosis?

Arthrosis is degenerative changes in the structure of the joints, accompanied by pain and visible deformation.The second name of the disease used in the international classification - osteoarthritis.

The disease is characterized by slow progression, although it can be accelerated by some external factors.It all depends on the individual characteristics of the body, human disease, and its method of vital action.

According to statistics, arthrosis is infected with 6.5-12% of the world's population.People older than 65 years old (62-85%of cases) are affected.There is a tendency for the "rejuvenation" of pathology: about 30-35% of patients in different countries are 45-65 years of age and 2-3% of 20-45 years of age.

People who know a little in medicine believe that arthritis and arthritis are the same.In fact, this is not the case, because in the first case the disease is acute inflammatory and in the second - a long, less pronounced chronic.

Types

The formulation of the diagnosis for arthrosis may be different, although the essence of the disease is the same.Most often, patients' questions and misunderstandings are related to several terms of arthrosis termin:

• Arthritis is a classic arthrosis, in which the inflammatory process is expressed;
• Osteoarthritis is absolutely the same as arthrosis;
• Deformation (osteoarthritis) - the so -called late stages of the disease, which are manifested by the deformation and closure of the joint;
• Coksartrosis - an abbreviated term that refers to the thigh joint damage;
• Gonartrosis is an abbreviated term that means "knee joint arthrosis";
• Spondylarthrosis is an injury to the small arch joint of the spine.

There are many species of this disease.The classification can be based on the localization of the affected areas and depends on the causes of the disease.

Arthrosis types based on localization:

• Knee
• The joints of the thigh
• Womb
• Rage
• Hands and fingers
• Spine
• Beam
• Primary polyosteozarosis

Depending on the number of joints, the following varieties are distinguished:

• Monoarthrosis.
• Oligoarthrosis - No more than 2 joints are affected.
• Polyarthrosis - out of 3 articular groups.

The degree of damage to the joint

The degree of arthrosis	Symptoms
1 degree	The first stage of arthrosis - there are no pronounced morphological changes, only synovial fluid composition is disordered.Liquid supply with worse cartilage tissue with nutrients, cartilage resistance to conventional loads is reduced.Due to overloading the articular surfaces, inflammation occurs, pain arises.
2 degrees	The joint is destroyed.Osteophytes are formed.Pain becomes stronger during loading and movement, with crispy characteristic in the affected areas.
3 degrees	This is the most severe stage of the development of this disease.There is an abnormal change in the areas of bumps.Inflammation occurs.The patient feels firm during movement because the muscles cannot fully contract and perform their functions.

Causes

The formation of arthrosis is promoted for two reasons - the load and the absence of complete nutrition that supplies vitamins, minerals for tissue restoration.Each person's joints carry a load.Athletes and dancers, with physical work, are higher -working, which means that bone joints are faster and need high quality nutrition.In a quiet lifestyle, the auxiliary apparatus is slowly, but also requires periodic renewal of the tissues.

Primary arthrosis

This type is most commonly associated with metabolic disorders with the tendency of injury and destruction and destruction.The most common causes that cause this disease:

• Hereditary and genetic;
• Menopause;
• Frequent and, at first glance, minor injuries (for example, among athletes).

Used arthrosis

The secondary type is most often deformed by arthrosis and progresses against the backdrop of cartilage stability, until the usual load.Promotes the development of this pathology:

• Injuries;
• Obesity;
• Weakness of ligament and muscles;
• Arthritis.

With age, the disease is prone to increases.After 70 years, arthrosis is diagnosed with every second pensioner.Once the maximum load falls to the feet (the person moves - walks, stands, passes, jumps), then here are the first signs.

Signs and symptoms of arthrosis

Arthrosis belongs to the category of chronic diseases.Sometimes the disease can be incredibly leaked over the years, only sometimes it recalls joint pain or awkward movement.But it also happens that the disease develops rapidly in a severe stage in just a few months.

In any case, it is important to remember if you are not treating the disease, its symptoms will increase over time, deteriorate quality of life, and in severe cases - cause disability and immobilization.

Symptoms of joint arthrosis:

• Pain.Painful sensations with arthrosis are expressed, especially after a variety of loads.When a person comes in peace, after some time, unpleasant sensations disappear.Pain localization occurs directly to the place where changes in the body's usual structures occur.In some cases, arthrosis pain can occur when a person is relied on, fully relaxed.They appear very sharply and strongly, which can be compared to dental pain.Most often it happens in the morning.
• The second sign of arthrosis is a crisis, but you should not confuse this symptom with the usual click of the joints that are found in almost every person and do not cause discomfort.The crash of the disease is characterized by a rough and dry voice, it brings pain and severe discomfort.With the development of the disease, the symptom becomes more distinctive and painful.
• Reduce joint mobility.It is also considered one of the characteristic symptoms of arthrosis, but it already appears at the stage of the active progression of the disease.During the development of arthrosis, bone neoplasms increase/germination, which causes muscle tissue spasms, reducing lumen in a joint bag - is guaranteed to restrict movement at this location.
• Joint deformation.Its modification is determined by the fact that osteophytes grow on the surface of the bones and the synovial fluid arrives.Although deformity is one of the latest symptoms when arthrosis is largely struck by the joint.
• Changes in muscle tone.Initially, especially with severe pain, the periarticular muscles are reflexively tense.In the future, as motor action is lost, muscle atrophy is lost.
• Skin manifestations.Optional sign.At the initial stage, the redness of the skin is possible in the projection of the joint.In the future, as muscle arthrosis and atrophy progresses, the skin becomes pale, becomes dry, pigmented.

Joints that arthritis are more commonly affected:	Less frequently affected:
Knee Hip Rage Spine joints (spondylarthrosis)	Beam The small joints of the hand Lock Wrist

Complications

If arthrosis does not provide proper attention, over time and not properly treated, this can lead to not only the complete destruction of the diseased joint, but also the change in the spine biomechanics, which in its hernia in intervertebral discs and the development of arthrosis are still healthy.

Timely treatment of any type of arthrosis lies in the complications associated with it, negative consequences:

• Inflammatory joints are deformed and gradually destroyed;
• Movements become limited, joint mobility is partially or completely limited;
• Spine disorder;
• Interdiscount hernia is formed;
• Neuralgia develops;
• The standard of life of a patient with arthrosis is reduced;
• A person becomes disabled.

Diagnostics

First of all, they try to see structural changes in the affected areas, evaluating their gravity and prevalence.Metabolic disorders in the body should also be determined, which have become a favorable background for arthrosis.Thus, the survey kit includes the following events:

• Radiography.
• Magnetic -resonance tomography.
• Ultrasound study.
• Arthroscopy.
• Biochemical blood tests (hormonal spectrum, inflammatory markers, calcium metabolism, rheummen).

Considering the radiological characteristics, experts in the field of orthopedics and traumatology distinguish the following stages of arthrosis (classification of Kelgren-Lawrence):

• Stage 1 (suspicious arthrosis) - Joint gap with a suspicion of narrowing, osteophytes do not exist or are available in small quantities.
• Stage 2 (Soft) - Joint gap suspicion, osteophytes are clearly defined.
• Stage 3 (Moderate) - Joint gap with clear narrowing, obviously pronounced osteophytes, bone deformities are possible.
• Stage 4 (severe arthrosis) - Expressed narrowing of the joint, large osteophytes, pronounced bone deformations and osteosclerosis.

Please note: The course of the disease discussed is very slow and at the first stage it may not be characterized by any symptom, and inconsistent pain and increased fatigue can be congenital even for healthy people, with great physical effort.Therefore, an independent diagnosis of arthrosis is almost impossible.

How to treat joint arthrosis

Principles of Arthrosis Treatment:

• Eliminate excessive loads on joints;
• Therapy with anti -information and analgesic pills.Also, during complex therapy, chondroprotectors are actively used for arthrosis;
• Physical education of physiotherapy;
• Sanatorium treatment;
• Magnetotherapy, electrical therapy, laser therapy, shock wave therapy;
• Intra -coral oxygen therapy;
• Intravotic blockade;
• It is important to choose the right nutrition for arthrosis.

Methods of medication

How to treat arthrosis with medicines?This issue is the most common in patients.Treatment is performed using three groups of drugs:

1. Chondroprotectors.The medicines of this group restore hyaline cartilage as they contain components that are part of it.They are recommended for all patients in long-term paper (courses 3-4 months 2 times a year).Use tablets and capsules.
2. Hormonal corticosteroids.This group of drugs is most effective during arthrosis exacerbation.Most often, intramuscular injections are made.But drugs of similar categories in pharmacies are also present in the form of plastic, ointments - they are only used externally, you can expect a fairly quick and powerful effect.
3. Use of non -antininfleming medications to reduce pain and eliminate the inflammatory process.
4. Injections.Injection medications will quickly stop the pain, reduce the active symptoms.Intramuscular, intravenous, or intra -coral administration of medicine should only be carried out by a medical worker.These funds cannot save the patient from the cause of the disease, but effectively reduce his or her negative manifestations.

Other medicines are used to treat arthrosis:

• Improvement of blood in the joints;
• Improving the supply of oxygen joint tissue - vitamins "B";
• Acts on metabolism in cartilage;
• Desensitized agents that reduce body reactivity;
• Synthetic hormones of the adrenal glands.

Surgical treatment

Surgical methods involve two ways to solve the problem:

1. Arthroscopy is a surgery performed on pain.With the puncture, a special needle has been introduced that removes the damaged areas and forms the affected area.
2. Prosthesis is a complex operation that involves the removal of damaged joints and the arrival of new ones.Modern orthopedics have taken steps forward, released new, improved prostheses that rarely deny the body and do not cause discomfort.

Exercise therapy for arthrosis

Medical physical education is used for arthrosis at the subacute stage.Main tasks of exercise therapy:

• Orthopedic adjustment (elimination of affected limb defects);
• Reduction of static load on joints;
• Improving joint mobility or preventing its deterioration.

Digoen's gymnastics and exercises are met for muscles and joints.Exercises of the affected joints are carried out in a lie, side or back, sitting.They are alternately with breathing exercises, which helps to relax the muscles.The patient performs movements in the affected joint independently or with the help of an instructor.

During lessons, the appearance of pain should not be allowed.Exercises are performed at a slow pace and only after eliminating acute symptoms.Sudden and high amplitude movements should be avoided, which can provoke unpleasant sensations.

Physical education should be involved in the supervision of a physician and after acquiring the necessary skills, you can start home training.

Physiotherapy and manual therapy

The use of these methods of treatment gives a very good result at the initial stage of arthrosis.

1. Guidelines should only be performed by an experienced physician who has proven to treat articular pathologies.For example, in the treatment of knee arthrosis, manual therapy with limb extraction, intra -car injections and chondroprotectors can quickly be administered to the patient.
2. Physiotherapy is used as an auxiliary treatment to accelerate the rehabilitation period.Their main purpose is to reduce inflammation and accelerate tissue regeneration.Procedures such as laser and cryotherapy, thermal treatment- ozokeritis, mud baths, paraffin therapy and uofs.

Food and diet

Joint arthrosis diet is aimed at correcting metabolic processes, body weight, irreversible changes in joint hyaline, impaired inflammatory process, and reinforcing joint structures of connective tissue.There is no special diet with joint arthrosis.The following principles are based on therapeutic nutrition:

1. Food should be physiologically full of vitamins and minerals.The cost of diet energy for patients with normal weight should be consistent with the average value of daily energy consumption and not exceeding it.
2. The use of salt is limited to 5-8 g per day, as well as salted products (salty, canned foods, chips, salty fish).
3. The use of free fluid should be increased to 2-2.5 l/day.
4. It is necessary to process products using a fragment.The food should be baked, steam, cooked or stewed.
5. You need to switch to frequent, dwelling meals.
6. Food should be taken in small portions, which eliminates excessive and weight gain.

Arthrosis is prohibited from using a severe extreme diet.Since this type of diet, the body sinks into a large amount of fluid, which in turn washes calcium and potassium from the bones and joints.

Useful products:

• Fish and seafood, nuts, linen oil as a source of omega - 3.
• Low meat and jelly.
• Products rich in E, D, C, A and groups B. These are fresh fruits, vegetables and berries.Especially useful for use: beetroot, tomato, carrots, cabbage, cranberries, legumes, bananas, oranges, apples and whole grain bread.
• Ginger and other spices.
• Milk and dairy products are an excellent source of calcium.
• Useful freshly squeezed juices.

Producted products:

• Quick meals, sausage products, semi -funded products, chips and all sophisticated products.
• Fatty meat.
• Sir love, white bread, sugar.
• Fat dairy products, salty cheese.
• Mayonnaise, transgenic fats.
• White rice, semolina.
• Marinades, conservation, salt.
• Alcohol, energy, soda.

Folk methods of treatment

Before using any folk remedies for arthrosis, be sure to consult your attending physician.

1. Nettle and juniper berries in homogeneous mass.Contact butter 1: 3. To relieve pain, distribute bumps 3 times a day.
2. Roots, flowers or branches of elderberry Black.Pour 1 tbsp.Spoon raw 1 cup boiling water.Insist on, pack, for 3 hours, then strain.Drink 1/4 cup 4 times a day for 30 minutes.
3. Boil 10 g of bay leaf in 250 ml of water for five minutes.Leave for five hours.Drink small sips from time to time throughout the day.We treat it for three days, we spend five, then we are treated for three days.
4. Mustard compression with honey.Mix mustard powder with honey and add one egg.Put the resulting ointment gauze and apply for pain.
5. Complex compresses.Slightly cut the chopped cabbage and pass the soup.Pressure natural wool tissue in juice and attach to the pain in the area.
6. The series is another wonderful way to treat arthrosis.Boil 250 ml of boiling water in a large tablespoon of 2 series.After 20 minutes, the decoction is ready.Take 2 tablespoons three times a day before eating.The course is 30 days.
7. Chamomile, calendula and bardock ointment performs pain well, relieves inflammation.For its preparation, you need to mix in equal amounts, chamomile flowers, calendula, bardock root, combine plants with oil jellies and leave for 1-2 days.Use ointment for severe pain 5 times a day.
8. In boiling water, place equal parts of willow bark, apartments and calendula flowers.Boil the mixture for 10 minutes, then give it under the lid for the same amount.You need to get a decoction chilled 200 ml for half an hour before.

Prevention

When you reduce the risk of arthrosis, the following moments play an important role:

• Get rid of extra pounds;
• Treatment of muscular pathologies;
• Active movement throughout life;
• Proper nutrition (diet, balanced diet);
• Avoid joint hypothermia;
• A healthy lifestyle with the right regimen.